What is the reason why China becomes a world factory?

"China must be a world factory, and China can also become a world factory." Professor Fan Gang, director of the National Institute of Economics, said clearly in the first financial and economic "financial lecture hall" program. This is not the first time he has expressed such a view in public. On the other side of this voice, many Chinese from entrepreneurs, government officials, scholars to the media are not satisfied with the factory factory. High -tech industry and service industry.

If should you become a world factory?

Fan Gang believes that from the perspective of technological progress, only China can do a good job in the world laboratory first, and the service industry may have better development. The foundation of China's economic development can be Only to be stable. However, he more demonstrates this problem from employment -because farmers' problems, low -income class problems, and income gaps are the biggest problems in China's socio -economic and economy, and solving these problems will become a world factory in the world. Essence

"Do you want to become a world factory? The essence of this problem is employment problem. It is the problem of farmers' transfer from agriculture to achieve industrialization, urbanization and modernization." Fan Gang said. He believes that according to China's economic development and modernization requirements, China will still need to transfer 200 million to 25 million agricultural labor population in the future to solve the current income gap. The most effective way to transfer agricultural labor population is to vigorously develop labor -intensive industries.

In the data of labor organizations in 2001, the total labor force of the world's manufacturing industry is about 160 million, of which 80 million are in China and 80 million other 35 major manufacturing countries, of which Half half in developing countries. Fan Gang said: "This shows that employment opportunities are still very precious. We must seize existing employment opportunities and create employment opportunities as much as possible. Do not let it lose to other countries. The country's employment opportunities are attracted to our China. "

" For the social crisis and social contradictions caused by the income gap in China, we must vigorously create employment opportunities, "Fan Gang said," " In this context, I do n’t agree with someone to say that we do n’t want to do that or do it. Any employment position is precious. We have created labor -intensive jobs. And abandon those labor -intensive industries, but this employment opportunity must stay in China. "

" The industry that can create employment is the most glorious industry. "Fan Gang is now from the media, The government to scholars look down on the labor -intensive attitude. "The most ideal state is to pull the world resources in Chinese production to create our employment positions. These jobs are not only produced for us, but also for the world. Become a real world factory in the real sense, as much as possible to keep more employment in China for a long time. "

In addition to labor -intensive industries, Fan Gang also believes that China should vigorously develop heavy industries. He said: "Some people say that there are not many employment opportunities created by heavy industries, which is wrong. The heavy industry itself may be less and less required with the degree of automation, but these services that serve before and after the heavy industry Industry creates a large number of employment positions. For example, a large steel factory may only have two or 30,000 steel workers, but the employment positions serving this factory may be 30,000 to 500,000. "

"For China, any employment position will be very valuable in the future. We can't make a big stroke, saying that we don't do this, say that we don't want it, this won't work." Fan Gang said.

In the consideration of expanding the industrial structure, Fan Gang said: "Starting from the reality of China, from the problem of solving hundreds of millions of farmers' further city, we need to be in the next few decades, even if we We can still produce leather shoes and socks to be able to create more spacecraft and missiles. We must do whatever we can do in a long period of time. We must maintain the widest industry spectrum in the world to solve our biggest to our maximum. Employment of a big country. "

Can you become a world factory?

Fan Gang believes that China must not only become a world factory, but also can become a world factory. The basis for China to become the world's factories is mainly based on the following four elements: the first is that the cost advantage of labor force will continue to be maintained; the second is to maintain technological innovation in labor -intensive industries and heavy industries; the third is to solve the system to solve the system The issue of reform includes the reform of the capital market and the reform of government mechanism; the fourth is to solve problems such as restricting resources and environmental pollution of China's development.

Fan Gang is confident in the first success element. He said: "We still have 200 million to two hundred million rural labor population needs to be gradually shifted, which also determines that in the future for a long period of time, our labor cost price will not rise too much. It is competitive. This is a foundation for us to develop various manufacturing industries. Only when our labor cost advantage still exists, we have the opportunity to keep those valuable labor -intensive employment opportunities in China. "

For the second success element, Fan Gang believes that this will determine whether China can become an innovative society. This is also very important to become a world factory. He said: "Innovation is not just a problem of high -tech industry. All manufacturing industries include labor -intensive industries have an innovative problem. Labor -intensive industries and heavy industries want to have greater development in China. It is necessary to have a lot of innovation to keep these industries in China in the world for a long time. "

Fan Gang believes that the reasons for the low competitiveness of many Chinese companies are the system defects, so therefore the system defect, so Need to carry out system reform. "If we do not solve these problems, we cannot become a world factory." He said, "If we go further in the reform of the capital market and government mechanism, it will improve the efficiency of our entire industry for the use of resources. We are here here. The competitiveness of aspects will also continue to improve, so that we are more and more competitive in all walks of life. "

Fan Gang believes that resource constraints are indeed a bottleneck element in China's development heavy industry, but The key issue cannot be given abandonment of the lack of industry because of this is to improve the efficiency of resource application. He said: "From the perspective of economics, resource constraints have never been able to restrict economic development. Japan's example tells us that you can have no resources, but as long as you are efficient, you can engage in industry. Japan is the most resources. A scarce country, but Japan has become the country with the highest resources in the world. "

" A positive attitude is that we must strive to improve the efficiency of our resource utilization and actively engage in wearing heavy weights. Chemical industry. "Fan Gang said," Instead of saying that we have surrendered, we don't engage in the weight of the industry. This is not called a new type of industrialization. N Fan Gang believes that we can no longer rely on a large amount of pollution to exchange for the development of our heavy industry, but without pollution can still develop heavy industries. He said: "The question we need to improve is whether we can improve the competitiveness of other aspects to make up for this loss, or the efficiency in terms of pollution control can be more efficient than Europe. Increasing the cost of pollution, nor is it inevitable that the competitiveness must be low because of pollution. "

Military technology has created a world factory in China. Think about why China's shipbuilding industry is so developed. How can there be the current Chinese manufacturing industry without arms?

Preferential tax policies, cheap labor.